The main question in my mind at the moment is whether the ICE procedure for picking up migrants off the streets is itself legal, independent of the legality of the warrants they are using. This subject is in the Appendix because it requires significant research before I will be prepared to say anything definitive.

Warrants



Torres v. Madrid, 592 U.S. ___ (2021)
The application of physical force to the body of a person with intent to restrain is a seizure even if the person does not submit and is not subdued.

Collins v. Virginia, 584 U.S. ___ (2018)
The automobile exception does not permit the warrantless entry of a home or its curtilage to search a vehicle therein

Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348 (2015)
Without reasonable suspicion, police extension of a traffic stop to conduct a dog sniff violates the Constitution's shield against unreasonable seizures.

Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014)
Without a warrant, the police generally may not search digital information on a cell phone seized from an individual who has been arrested.

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